Hi,
To synchronize these libraries and lists, you must have Outlook 2010 installed on your client computer and you must have Collaborate permission to the library or list.
You don’t need any permissions for the user profile.
I provide you a link about synchronizing SharePoint 2010 content with Outlook 2010 for your reference:
http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/sharepoint-foundation-help/synchronize-sharepoint-2010-content-with-outlook-2010-HA101881295.aspx
Thanks,
Rock Wang
Rock Wang TechNet Community Support