Hi,
According to your description, my understanding is that renewed CA causes RADIUS authentication failed. And replaced with a new certificate resolved this problem.
You have mentioned that this CA is not used for RADIUS, but since renewed CA causes authenticated failed, there might be something related. Detailed error message, logs and event might be helpful for further identify the problem.
Besides, links below provides detailed description about certificates and NPS, just for your reference:
https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772401(v=ws.10).aspx
Best Regards,
Eve Wang
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