Those quota and itemsize values aren't very math friendly. There may be easier ways, but this is what I came up with:
$usedmb = (get-mailboxstatistics $user).totalitemsize
$usedmb -match ".+\((.+)\)" > $nul
$usedbytes = $usedmb -replace "[^\d]"
$quotamb = (get-mailbox $user).prohibitsendquota
$quotamb -match ".+\((.+)\)" > $nul
$quotabytes = $quotamb -replace "[^\d]"
$pct_used = [int](($usedbytes / $quotabytes) * 100)
[string](0..33|%{[char][int](46+("686552495351636652556262185355647068516270555358646562655775 0645570").substring(($_*2),2))})-replace " "