i just tried the following:
Open a SharePoint 2013 team site with SharePoint Designer 2010;
Change the default master page to v4.master in SPD2010;
create a custom list in SPD2010;
Open the allitems.aspx page for the custom list in SPD2010 and customize the xsltlistviewwebpart on it, adding some field to display on the view;
change the default master page back to seattle.master;
open the allitems.aspx page for the custom list in browser, my customization done with SPD2010 have effect.