Yes, it looks like this is not a SQL Server problem. I got this message with other apps as well as other people. Some say that uninstalling
KB2918614 solved the problem which did not work for me.
What I did to get out of this is the following: In Windows Explorer navigate to "%appdata%\Microsoft\Crypto" and rename the RSA folder to something else. Then try to install again.
After successful install you should copy the content of the renamed RSA folder to the newly created one, so that you don't loose any key.
Bodo Michael Danitz - MCT, MCITP - free consultant - performance specialist - www.sql-server.de