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White Papers

• Claims-based Identity for Windows: Technologies and Scenarios
• Microsoft BI Authentication and Identity Delegation

Microsoft Patterns and Practices

Claims Based Identity and Access Control Guide

• An Introduction to Claims
• Claims-Based Architectures
• Federated Identity for Web Applications
• Claims Enabling Web Services
• Claims-Based Single Sign-On for Microsoft SharePoint 2010
• Federated Identity for SharePoint Applications
• Appendix B: Message sequences for the passive (browser-based) and active (smart) client scenarios

TechNet Articles-Overview and Planning

• What's new in authentication for SharePoint 2013
• Authentication overview for SharePoint 2013
• Plan for user authentication methods in SharePoint 2013
• Plan for app authentication in SharePoint 2013
• Plan for server-to-server authentication in SharePoint 2013

TechNet Articles-Configuration

• Configure forms-based authentication for a claims-based web application in SharePoint 2013
• Test Lab Guide: Demonstrate forms-based claims-based authentication for SharePoint Server 2013 (overview video)
• Configure SAML-based claims-based authentication with AD FS in SharePoint 2013
• Test Lab Guide: Demonstrate SAML-based Claims-based authentication with SharePoint Server 2013 (overview video)
• Configure app authentication in SharePoint Server 2013
• Configure server-to-server authentication between SharePoint 2013 farms
• Configure server-to-server authentication between publishing and consuming farms
• Configure server-to-server authentication between SharePoint 2013 and Exchange Server 2013
• Configure server-to-server authentication between SharePoint 2013 and Lync Server 2013
• Migrate from classic-mode to claims-based authentication in SharePoint 2013

TechNet Articles-Troubleshooting

• Troubleshooting: Claims authentication does not validate user
  

MSDN Articles

• Authorization and authentication for apps in SharePoint 2013
• SharePoint Claims-Based Identity
• Authorization and Authentication  
• Claims and Security Technical Articles for SharePoint 2010

TechNet Wiki Articles

• SharePoint 2013 and SharePoint 2010 claims encoding 

Blog Articles

• Claims-based authentication "Cheat Sheet" Part 1
• Claims Based Authentication – An Overview

Poster

• Authentication in SharePoint 2013 (in Visio and PDF formats) (overview video)

Videos

• Module 11: SharePoint 2013 authentication and authorization overview
• Windows claims authentication in SharePoint 2013
• Forms-based claims authentication in SharePoint 2013
• SAML-based claims authentication in SharePoint 2013
• Authentication in SharePoint 2013 poster overview

• Claims based authentication in SharePoint 2010
• Developing Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 Solutions with Claims Authentication
• Leveraging and Extending Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 Identity Features

Learning Roadmap

• Authentication in SharePoint 2013 Learning Roadmap - Step through prerequisite, introductory, intermediate, and advanced learning goals and resources to build expertise in SharePoint 2013 authentication technologies.

Similar resources for SharePoint 2010

• SharePoint 2010: Claims-Based Authentication